| National Flag | Horizontal tricolour |
| State Emblem | Sarnath Lion Capital of Ashoka |
| National motto | Satyameva Jayate (meaning 'Truth alone triumphs') |
| National mantra | Om |
| National language | Hindi |
| National script | Devanagari |
| National book | Srimad-Bhagavad-Gita |
| National holidays | Republic day, Independence day, Gandhi anniversary |
| Father of the nation | Mahatma Gandhi |
| National Bird | Peacock |
| National Flower | Lotus |
| National Tree | Banyan (Ficus bengalensis) |
| National Anthem | Jan Gan Man Adhinayak Jaya hay |
| National Song | Vande Mataram |
| National River | Ganga or Ganges |
| National Aquatic Animal | River Dolphin |
| National Calendar | Saka Era |
| National Animal | Bengal tiger (Panthera tigris) |
| National Fruit | Mango (Mangifera indica) |
| National sweet | Jalebi |
| National Game | Hockey |
Thursday, October 28, 2010
National symbols of India
Wednesday, October 27, 2010
Saturday, October 23, 2010
Right of children to free and Compulsory Education Act
The Right of children to Free and Compulsory Education Act has come into force from today, April 1, 2010. The act was passed by both houses of Indian parliament in July-August 2009 and recognised by the President of the Republic in August 2009. Every child in the age group of 6-14 years will be provided 8 years of elementary education in an appropriate classroom in the vicinity of his/her neighbourhood. Funding pattern between the Centre and the States will be in the ratio of 65:35 for all States/ UTs and in the case of eight States of NER, sharing pattern would be of 90:10. All schools including private schools shall be required to enrol children from weaker sections and disadvantaged communities in their incoming class to the extent of 25% of their enrolment, by simple random selection. Any cost that prevents a child from accessing school will be borne by the State which shall have the responsibility of enrolling the child as well as ensuring attendance and completion of 8 years of schooling. The state will be responsible to provide an elementary school in every neighbourhood which means there should be a primary school for class 1 to class 5 in the range of every km and secondary school for class 6 to 8 in the range of 3 km. The state would be responsible for providing transport if a school cannot be provided in an area of small population.
Interesting Links : Press Release, PIB, IndiaThursday, October 7, 2010
TAXATION SYSTEM IN INDIA
India has a well-developed tax structure with clearly demarcated authority between Central and State Governments and local bodies.
Central Government levies taxes on income (except tax on agricultural income, which the State Governments can levy), customs duties, central excise and service tax.
Value Added Tax (VAT), (Sales tax in states where VAT is not yet in force), stamp duty, state excise, land revenue and profession tax are levied by the State Governments.
In last 10-15 years, Indian taxation system has undergone tremendous reforms. The tax rates have been rationalized and tax laws have been simplified resulting in better compliance, ease of tax payment and better enforcement. The process of rationalization of tax administration is ongoing in India.
Since April 01, 2005, most of the State Governments in India have replaced sales tax with VAT.
Taxes Levied by Central Government
Direct Taxes
Tax on Corporate Income
Capital Gains Tax
Personal Income Tax
Tax Incentives
Double Taxation Avoidance Treaty
Indirect Taxes
Excise Duty
Customs Duty
Service Tax
Securities Transaction Tax
Taxes Levied by State Governments and Local Bodies
Sales Tax/VAT
Other Taxes
Useful Links:
India in Busines, ITP Div, Govt. Of India
IMF
Tuesday, September 14, 2010
Indian Population at a Glance
| Total population (2001) | 1.0287 billion |
| Urban population | 286 million |
| Percentage to world pop. | 16.7% |
| Sex ratio (women to 1000 men) | 933 |
| State with Highest Female Sex Ratio | Kerala. 1058 |
| Labour force (2004-05) | 428 million |
| Population density (2001) | 325 /km² |
| Birth rate (2008) | 22.8‰ |
| Death rate (2008) | 7.4‰ |
| Total fertility rate per woman (2010) | 2.68‰ |
| Urban area | 2.1‰ |
| Rural area | 3.0‰ |
| Infant mortality rate (2007) | 53‰ |
| Life expectancy (2002-06) | 63.5 yrs |
| Man | 62.6 yrs |
| Woman | 64.2 yrs |
| Literacy rate (2001) | 64.84% |
| Man | 75.2% |
| Woman | 53.7% |
| State with maximum literacy rate (2001) | Kerala (90%) |
| State with minimum literacy rate (2001) | Bihar (47%) |
| State with Max decadal pop. growth Rate (2001) | Nagaland (64.53%) |
| State with highest population (2001) | U.P. (166 million) |
| State with minimum population (2001) | Sikkim (54 million) |
| State with maximum population Density (2001) | W.Bengal (903) |
| State with minimum population Density (2001) | Arunachal Pradesh (13) |
| Percentage of Hindus (2001) | 80.5% |
| Percentage of Muslims (2001) | 13.4% |
| Percentage of Christians (2001) | 2.3% |
| Religion with maximum population growth (1991-2001) | Muslim (29.3%) |
| Religion with minimum population growth (1991-2001) | Sikh (16.9%) |
| Religion with maximum literacy (2001) | Jain (94.1%) |
| Religion with minimum literacy (2001) | Muslim (59.1%) |
| Religion with maximum women literacy (2001) | Jain (90.6%) |
| Religion with minimum women literacy (2001) | Muslim (50.1%) |
Thursday, September 9, 2010
India – Some Facts
Geography
* Location - South Asia, land border (15200 km), coastal border (7516 km) on the Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal.
* Coordinates of Geography: 8 ° 4 'and 37 ° 6' north latitude and 68 ° 7 'and 97 ° 25' east longitude.
* Total area: 3,287,263 sq km, is not included controlled Kashmir, sources of India (100.569 km ²).
* Comparison: 2.4% of land worldwide, the seventh largest country, 16% of the total population
* Neighbours: The country shares its political borders with Pakistan in the North East and Afghanistan in the west and Bangladesh and Burma to the east, with China, Nepal and Bhutan to the north. Separates India from Sri Lanka, a narrow channel (inlet) formed by the Palk Strait and Gulf of Mannar.
* Climate - varies from temperate monsoon in the south to temperate in the north.
* Golf - Shelf in the south central plains of the Indus to the Ganges, deserts in west, Himalayas in north;
* Elevations extremes - Lowest: Indian Ocean - 0 m, the highest - Kanchendzonga - 8.586 m.
* Natural Resources - Coal (4 largest), iron ore, manganese, mica, bauxite, titanium ore, chromites, natural gas, diamonds, oil, limestone, arable land;
* Earth - arable land: 54.4%, 2.74% permanent agriculture, other: 42.86% (2001);
* Natural Hazards - Floods and severe flooding from monsoon rains and destructive storms, earthquakes;
* Environment-current issues: deforestation, soil erosion, overgrazing, desertification, air pollution from industrial effluents and vehicle emissions, water pollution from sewage and runoff of pesticides agricultural, huge and growing population Burnout is natural resources.
People
* Population: 1.1 trillion
* Age structure: 0-14 years: 31.2%, 15-64 years: 63.9%, 65 - 4.9%
* Growth rate: 1.4%
* Population below poverty line: 25% (described as less than 2,100 calories urban, 2400 rural)
* Birth rate: 22 births / 1,000
* Mortality rate: 8 deaths / 1,000
* Sex ratio: 933:1000 female: male
*
Infant mortality rate: 57 deaths / 1,000 live births
*
Life expectancy at birth: 64 men, 66 women
* Total fertility rate: 2.7 children / woman
* HIV / AIDS: 2.5 million App.
* Ethnic groups: Indo-Aryan 72%, Dravidian 25% Mongoloid and other 3% (2000)
* Languages: 22 languages in total state, the national language - Hindi, English has associate status, but the most important language for national communication, political and commercial.
* Religions - Hindu 82%, Muslim 12%, Christian 2.3%, Sikh 2%, Buddhist 0.8%, Jains 0.4%, other 0.4%
*
Literacy - 65% male: 70.2%, women: 48.3%
* Army - 16 years of age for voluntary military service
Government
* Country name: Republic of India
* Type of Government: Federal Republic
* Capital: New Delhi
* Administrative divisions: 28 states and 7 federal territories of the union
* Independence: 15 August 1947 (from England)
* National Day: August 15 (independent), January 26 (Republic day), January 30 (day of assassination of Mahatma Gandhi)
India - Geography
India is located between 8°4' and 37°6' north latitude and 68°7' and 97°25' east longitude. India measures 3214 Km from norht to south and 2933 kms from east to west with a total land area of 3,287,263 km². India is the 7th largest country in the world. It has a land frontier of 15,200 kms and a coastline of 7516.5 kms. Andaman and Nicobar islands in the bay of Bengal and Lakshadweep in the Arabian sea are parts of India. The country shares its political borders with Pakistan and Afghanistan on the west and Bangladesh and Burma on the east. The northern boundary is made up of China, Nepal and Bhutan. India is separated from Sri Lanka by a narrow channel of sea formed by Palk Strait and the Gulf of Mannar.
Physical Regions
The mainland, in geographical terms is broadly divided into a) the great mountains, b) the river the plains, c) the desert and d) the peninsula.
Mountain Ranges
the mountain extend for more than 2400 km. they are seven.
1. the Himalayas;
2. the Patkai and other ranges bordering India in the north and north east,
3. the Vindyas, which separate the Indo-Gangetic plain from the Deccan Plateau,
4. the Satpura,
5. the Aravalli
6. the Sahyadri, which covers the eastern fringe of the West Coast plains and
7. the Eastern Ghats, irregularly scattered on the East Coast and forming the boundary of the East Coast plains.
Watersheds
There are main three watersheds;
1. Himalayan range with its Karakoram branch in the north,
2. Vindhyan and Satpura ranges in Central India, and
3. Sahyadri or Western Ghats on the west coast.
Rivers and the Plains
The main rivers of the Himalayan group are the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. Theser rivers are bothe snow-fed and rain-fed and have therefore continuous flow throughtout the year. Himalayan rivers discharge about 70% of their inflow into the sea. This includes about 5% from central Indian rivers. They join the Ganges and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
The plains of Ganges and Indus run for about 2400 kms with a width ranging from 240 to 320 kms. They are formed in the river basins of Ganges-Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Indus, Godavari, Kaveri etc.
Desert
Te desert region is located in the western and north western part of the country.It can be divided into two parts: the great desert extends from the edge of the Rann of Kutch beyond the Luni river northward. The whole of Rajastan-Sind frontier runs through this. The little desert extends from the Luni between Jaisalmer and Jodhpur up to northern wastes (dry and rocky land).
Peninsula
The peninsula is marked by elevated landmass with height ranging from 460 to 1220 m. The deccan and the Southern part surrounded by water on three sides make the peninsula. It is flanked by Eastern Ghats on the east and Western Ghat on the west. Between the Ghats and the Sea lies the narrow coastal belt.
Climate
Traditionally, seasons in India are divided into six - Vasanta (Spring) (Mar-Apr), Grishma (May-Jun), Varsha (Jul-Aug), Sharada (Sept-Oct), Hemanta (Nov-Dec) and Shishira (Jan-Feb). In broad terms, India experiences 3 main season, such as (a) Winter - Dec to March, (b) Summer - Apr to May and (c) Monsoon - South West - Jun to Sept, and NE (retreating SW monsoon) - Oct to Nov. Between the two main season are Spring and Autumn.
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Physical Regions
The mainland, in geographical terms is broadly divided into a) the great mountains, b) the river the plains, c) the desert and d) the peninsula.
Mountain Ranges
the mountain extend for more than 2400 km. they are seven.
1. the Himalayas;
2. the Patkai and other ranges bordering India in the north and north east,
3. the Vindyas, which separate the Indo-Gangetic plain from the Deccan Plateau,
4. the Satpura,
5. the Aravalli
6. the Sahyadri, which covers the eastern fringe of the West Coast plains and
7. the Eastern Ghats, irregularly scattered on the East Coast and forming the boundary of the East Coast plains.
Watersheds
There are main three watersheds;
1. Himalayan range with its Karakoram branch in the north,
2. Vindhyan and Satpura ranges in Central India, and
3. Sahyadri or Western Ghats on the west coast.
Rivers and the Plains
The main rivers of the Himalayan group are the Indus, the Ganges and the Brahmaputra. Theser rivers are bothe snow-fed and rain-fed and have therefore continuous flow throughtout the year. Himalayan rivers discharge about 70% of their inflow into the sea. This includes about 5% from central Indian rivers. They join the Ganges and drain into the Bay of Bengal.
The plains of Ganges and Indus run for about 2400 kms with a width ranging from 240 to 320 kms. They are formed in the river basins of Ganges-Yamuna, Brahmaputra, Indus, Godavari, Kaveri etc.
Desert
Te desert region is located in the western and north western part of the country.It can be divided into two parts: the great desert extends from the edge of the Rann of Kutch beyond the Luni river northward. The whole of Rajastan-Sind frontier runs through this. The little desert extends from the Luni between Jaisalmer and Jodhpur up to northern wastes (dry and rocky land).
Peninsula
The peninsula is marked by elevated landmass with height ranging from 460 to 1220 m. The deccan and the Southern part surrounded by water on three sides make the peninsula. It is flanked by Eastern Ghats on the east and Western Ghat on the west. Between the Ghats and the Sea lies the narrow coastal belt.
Climate
Traditionally, seasons in India are divided into six - Vasanta (Spring) (Mar-Apr), Grishma (May-Jun), Varsha (Jul-Aug), Sharada (Sept-Oct), Hemanta (Nov-Dec) and Shishira (Jan-Feb). In broad terms, India experiences 3 main season, such as (a) Winter - Dec to March, (b) Summer - Apr to May and (c) Monsoon - South West - Jun to Sept, and NE (retreating SW monsoon) - Oct to Nov. Between the two main season are Spring and Autumn.
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